1 2 3 Geoffrey Parker, The Military Revolution, p. 88
↑ Luggis, Telemachus: "Sunday, ngày 7 tháng 10 năm 1571" pp. 19-23 Epsilon Istorica, Eleftherotypia, ngày 9 tháng 11 năm 2000. See also Chasiotis, Ioannis "The signing of 'Sacra Liga Antiturca' and the naval battle of Lepanto (ngày 7 tháng 10 năm 1571)", Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous. Ekdotiki Athinon, vol. 10, Athens, 1974
↑ Serpil Atamaz Hazar, "Review of Confrontation at Lepanto: Christendom vs. Islam," The Historian 70.1 (Spring 2008): 163.
↑ John F. Guilmartin, Gunpowder and Galleys, p. 222-25
↑ The first regularly sanctioned use of convicts as oarsmen on Venetian galleys did not occur until 1549. re Tenenti, Cristoforo da Canal, pp. 83, 85. See Tenenti, Piracy and the Decline of Venice (Berkeley, 1967), pp. 124-25, for Cristoforo da Canal's comments on the tactical effectiveness of free oarsmen c. 1587 though he was mainly concerned with their higher cost. Ismail Uzuncarsili, Osmanli Devletenin Merkez ve Bahriye Teskilati (Ankara, 1948), p. 482, cites a squadron of 41 Ottoman galleys in 1556 of which the flagship and two others were rowed by Azabs, salaried volunteer light infantrymen, three were rowed by slaves, and the remaining 36 were rowed by salaried mercenary Greek oarsmen.
